izindaba

Ngamagama alula, amadayimane akhuliswe elebhu angamadayimane enziwe abantu esikhundleni sokumbiwa emhlabeni.Uma ilula kangaka, ungase uzibuze ukuthi kungani kunendatshana yonke ngaphansi kwalo musho.Ubunkimbinkimbi buvela ekutheni kusetshenziswe amagama amaningi ahlukene ukuchaza amadayimane atshalwe elebhu kanye nabazala bawo, futhi akubona bonke abasebenzisa la magama ngendlela efanayo.Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ngolunye ulwazimagama.

Zokwenziwa.Ukuqonda leli temu ngendlela efanele kuwukhiye ovula wonke lo mbuzo.I-synthetic ingasho okokwenziwa noma okungelona iqiniso.I-synthetic ingase futhi isho okwenziwe umuntu, okukopishiwe, okungelona iqiniso, noma ukulingiswa.Kodwa, kulo mongo, sisho ukuthini uma sithi “idayimane lokwenziwa”?

Ezweni le gemological, okokwenziwa yitemu lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.Uma ukhuluma ngobuchwepheshe, amagugu okwenziwa angamakristalu enziwe umuntu anesakhiwo sekristalu efanayo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali njengetshe eliyigugu elidakayo.Ngakho-ke, "idayimane lokwenziwa" linokwakheka kwekristalu okufanayo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali njengedayimane lemvelo.Okufanayo akunakushiwo ngamatshe ayigugu okulingisa noma amanga avame ukuchazwa ngokungalungile njengamadayimane okwenziwa.Lokhu kuhlanekezela iqiniso kudideke kakhulu ukuthi igama elithi “synthetic” lisho ukuthini, yingakho iningi labakhiqizi bamadayimane enziwe abantu bekhetha igama elithi “ilebhu ekhuliswe” kunelithi “yokwenziwa.”

Ukuze ukwazise lokhu ngokugcwele, kuyasiza ukuqonda kancane ukuthi amadayimane akhuliswe elebhu enziwa kanjani.Kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhulisa amadayimane ekristalu eyodwa.Eyokuqala nendala yinqubo ye-High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT).Le nqubo iqala ngembewu yedayimane futhi ikhulise idayimane eligcwele njengoba nje kwenza imvelo ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu kanye nezinga lokushisa.

Indlela entsha yokukhulisa amadayimane okwenziwa yindlela yeChemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).Enqubweni ye-CVD, igumbi ligcwala umhwamuko ocebile ngekhabhoni.Ama-athomu ekhabhoni akhishwa kuyo yonke igesi futhi afakwe kucwecwe lwekristalu yedayimane esungula ukwakheka kwekristalu njengoba itshe eliyigugu likhula ungqimba ngongqimba.Ungafunda kabanzi mayelanaenziwa kanjani amadayimane elebhukusukela esihlokweni sethu esikhulu mayelana namasu ahlukene.Okubalulekile okuthathayo okwamanje ukuthi zombili lezi zinqubo ziwubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu obukhiqiza amakristalu anesakhiwo samakhemikhali esifanayo ncamashi nezinto ezibonakalayo njengamadayimane emvelo.Manje, ake siqhathanise amadayimane atshalwe elebhu namanye amagugu okungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngawo.

Amadayimane Akhule Ilebhu Eqhathaniswa Nezifanisi Zedayimane

Kunini lapho okokwenziwa kungelona okokwenziwa?Impendulo iwukuthi uma iyisifanisi.Izifanisi zingamagugu abukeka njengetshe eliyigugu langempela, lemvelo kodwa empeleni angenye into.Ngakho-ke, isafire ecacile noma emhlophe ingaba i-diamond simulant ngoba ibukeka njengedayimane.Leyo sapphire emhlophe ingaba yemvelo noma, nansi iqhinga, isafire yokwenziwa.Isihluthulelo sokuqonda udaba olufanisiwe akukona ukuthi igugu lenziwa kanjani (imvelo uma liqhathaniswa nelokwenziwa), kodwa ukuthi liyisikhuseli esibukeka njengelinye igugu.Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi isafire emhlophe eyenziwe ngumuntu "isafire yokwenziwa" noma ukuthi ingasetshenziswa "njengesifanisi sedayimane," kodwa kungaba okungalungile ukusho ukuthi "idayimane lokwenziwa" ngoba alikwenzi. babe nesakhiwo samakhemikhali esifanayo njengedayimane.

Isafire emhlophe, idayiswa futhi idalulwe njengesafire emhlophe, isafire.Kodwa, uma isetshenziswa esikhundleni sedayimane, kusho ukuthi iyisifanisi sedayimane.Amagugu afanayo, futhi, azama ukulingisa elinye itshe eliyigugu, futhi uma engadalulwanga ngokucacile njengezifanisi athathwa njengangamanga.Isafire emhlophe ayiyona, ngokwemvelo, inkohliso (empeleni iyigugu elihle neliyigugu kakhulu).Kodwa uma lithengiswa njengedayimane, liba ngelomgunyathi.Iningi labalingisi bamatshe ayigugu bazama ukulingisa amadayimane, kodwa kukhona nezifanisi zamanye amatshe ayigugu ayigugu (amasafire, amarubi, njll.).

Nazi ezinye izifanisi zedayimane ezidume kakhulu.

• I-Synthetic Rutile yethulwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940 futhi yasetshenziswa njengesifanisi sedayimane sakuqala.
• Okulandelayo emdlalweni wokulingisa wedayimane owenziwe umuntu yi-Strontium Titanate.Le nto yaba isifanisi sedayimane esidumile ngawo-1950s.
• Iminyaka yawo-1960 ilethe ukuthuthukiswa kwezifanisi ezimbili: i-Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) ne-Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG).Zombili ziyizifanisi zedayimane ezenziwe umuntu.Kubalulekile ukuphinda lapha ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi impahla ingasetshenziswa njengesifanisi sedayimane ayenzi "inkohliso" noma into embi.I-YAG, isibonelo, iyikristalu ewusizo kakhulu esenhliziyweni yethulaser welder.
• Isifanisi sedayimane esidume kakhulu kuze kube manje yi-synthetic Cubic Zirconia (CZ).Kushibhile ukukhiqiza futhi kucwebezela ngokukhazimulayo.Kuyisibonelo esihle setshe eliyigugu lokwenziwa eliyi-simulant yedayimane.Ama-CZ kaningi, ngephutha, abizwa ngokuthi amadayimane okwenziwa.
• I-Synthetic Moissanite nayo idala ukudideka okuthile.Kuyitshe eliyigugu elenziwe umuntu, elinokwakheka okufana nedayimane.Isibonelo, amadayimane asebenza kahle kakhulu ekudluliseni ukushisa, kanjalo ne-Moissanite.Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba abahloli bedayimane abadume kakhulu basebenzisa ukusabalalisa ukushisa ukuze bahlole ukuthi itshe eliyigugu liyidayimane yini.Kodwa-ke, i-Moissanite inesakhiwo samakhemikhali esihluke ngokuphelele kunedayimane kanye nezakhiwo ezahlukene ze-optical.Isibonelo, i-Moissanite i-double-refractive kanti idayimane i-single-refractive.

Njengoba i-Moissanite ihlola njengedayimane (ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokusabalalisa ukushisa), abantu bacabanga ukuthi idayimane noma idayimane lokwenziwa.Nokho, njengoba ingenakho ukwakheka kwekristalu okufanayo noma ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali edayimane, ayilona idayimane lokwenziwa.I-Moissanite iyifanisi yedayimane.

Kungase kucace manje ukuthi kungani igama elithi “synthetic” lidida kangaka kulo mongo.Nge-Moissanite sinetshe eliyigugu lokwenziwa elibukeka futhi lenza kakhulu njengedayimane kodwa akufanele neze kuthiwe “yidayimane lokwenziwa.”Ngenxa yalokhu, kanye neningi lemboni yobucwebe, sivame ukusebenzisa igama elithi “idayimane elenziwe elebhu” ukuze sibhekisele kudayimane langempela lokwenziwa elabelana ngamakhemikhali afanayo njengedayimane lemvelo, futhi sivame ukugwema igama elithi “synthetic. idayimane” uma kubhekwa ukuthi kungakanani ukudideka elingakudala.

Kukhona esinye isifaniso sedayimane esidala ukudideka okuningi.Amagugu ahlanganiswe nedayimane eCubic Zirconia (CZ) akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo be-Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) obusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amadayimane atshalwe elebhu.Ngama-CZ ambozwe ngedayimane, ungqimba oluncane lwedayimane lokwenziwa lwengezwa phezu kwe-CZ.Izinhlayiya zedayimane ze-nanocrystalline zingama-nanometer angu-30 kuya kwangu-50 kuphela ubukhulu.Lokho kuwugqinsi okungama-athomu angama-30 kuye kwangama-50 noma u-0.00003mm.Noma, uma kungathiwa, mncane kakhulu.I-CVD diamond coated Cubic Zirconia ayiwona amadayimane okwenziwa.Ziyizifanisi zedayimane ezikhazimulayo zeCubic Zirconia kuphela.Azinabo ubulukhuni obufanayo noma isakhiwo sekristalu samadayimane.Njengezibuko zamehlo, i-CVD diamond coated Cubic Zirconia ine-diamond encane kakhulu enamathela kuphela.Nokho, lokhu akubavimbi abanye abakhangisi abangathembekile ekuwabizeni ngamadayimane okwenziwa.Manje, wazi kangcono.

Amadayimane Akhule Elebhu Eqhathaniswa Namadayimane Emvelo

Ngakho-ke, manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi amadayimane akhuliswe elebhu awawona, sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngalokho ayini.Amadayimane akhuliswe elebhu aqhathaniswa kanjani namadayimane emvelo?Impendulo isekelwe encazelweni yokwenziwa.Njengoba sesifundile, idayimane lokwenziwa linokwakheka kwekristalu okufanayo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali njengedayimane lemvelo.Ngakho-ke, zibukeka njengetshe eliyigugu lemvelo.Zicwebezela ngokufanayo.Banobunzima obufanayo.Eceleni, amadayimane akhule elebhu abukeka futhi enza njengamadayimane emvelo.

Umehluko phakathi kwedayimane lemvelo kanye nelebhu elikhuliswe yidayimane usukela endleleni enziwe ngayo.Amadayimane akhule elebhu enziwa umuntu elebhu kuyilapho amadayimane emvelo edalwa emhlabeni.Imvelo ayiyona indawo elawulwayo, eyinyumba, futhi izinqubo zemvelo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, imiphumela ayiphelele.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokufakwa kanye nezimpawu zesakhiwo ukuthi imvelo yenza igugu elinikeziwe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amadayimane akhule elebhu, enziwa endaweni elawulwayo.Banezimpawu zenqubo elawulwayo engafani nemvelo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizamo yabantu ayiphelele futhi ishiya awabo amaphutha nemikhondo yokuthi abantu benza itshe eliyigugu.Izinhlobo zokufakwayo kanye nokwehluka okucashile esakhiweni sekristalu kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuhlukanisa phakathi kwedayimane elikhulile elebhu kanye nemvelo.Ungase futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelanaungabona kanjani ukuthi idayimane ikhulile labnoma ngokwemvelo esihlokweni sethu esikhulu ngale ndaba.

I-FJUIsigaba:Amadayimane Akhule Lab